| Tristram |
By large range weapons do you mean "Ranged weapons that are large sized? If so, yes. Here is the rules text from d20pfsrd.
"Inappropriately Sized Weapons: A creature can't make optimum use of a weapon that isn't properly sized for it. A cumulative –2 penalty applies on attack rolls for each size category of difference between the size of its intended wielder and the size of its actual wielder. If the creature isn't proficient with the weapon, a –4 nonproficiency penalty also applies."
Edit: This also applies though:
"The measure of how much effort it takes to use a weapon (whether the weapon is designated as a light, one-handed, or two-handed weapon for a particular wielder) is altered by one step for each size category of difference between the wielder's size and the size of the creature for which the weapon was designed. For example, a Small creature would wield a Medium one-handed weapon as a two-handed weapon. If a weapon's designation would be changed to something other than light, one-handed, or two-handed by this alteration, the creature can't wield the weapon at all."
| Are |
Heavy crossbows can be fired one-handed by taking a -4 penalty, so I'd say a Medium character would be able to fire a Large heavy crossbow two-handed by taking the same -4 penalty.
However, it would be impossible for a Medium character to reload any type of Large crossbow on their own, since all crossbows require two hands to reload.
ProfPotts
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Heavy crossbows can be fired one-handed by taking a -4 penalty, so I'd say a Medium character would be able to fire a Large heavy crossbow two-handed by taking the same -4 penalty.
Except that using an inappropriately large weapon both changes the 'number of hands' needed and applies the -2 penalty per size category. So if a medium-sized character can use a medium-sized heavy crossbow in one hand at -4, he can use a large-sized heavy crossbow in two hands at -4 (just the 'number of hands has increased) plus the usual -2 penalty for using a weapon too large, for a total of -6 on his attack rolls.
Put another way, if a weapon had an inherant -4 to attack built into it, but could be used in one hand, then a large sized version of the weapon (assuming, of course, that you're medium sized) increases the number of hands needed to two and adds another -2 penalty, for that -6 penalty total. This is what's happening with the oversized heavy crossbow. Still, if you're a wizard rocking the True Strike spells then you could do a lot worse at low levels... :)