Hello, I have a question about Anatomy Lore skill.
Is it possible to Recall Knowledge with Anatomy Lore against all types of creature to find a weakness, immunity, which of the enemy's saving throws has the lowest modifier ... ?
Thanks for your future answer.
Personally, I would dissuade the use of Anatomy Lore in that way. Instead, I would apply it more towards investigative and forensics work ("The killer was intelligent, it aimed towards vital areas."). If I were to use it as a Recall Knowledge, it would be specifically for creatures with anatomies that are strange or unusual, like proteans or jah-tohls - things that have distinct anatomical features that feature heavily into their design.
Otherwise, you have a skill that you can use to the exclusion of all others and that ends up being unfun design.
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Most backgrounds make you trained in a specific subcategory of the Lore skill. The GM determines what other subcategories they'll allow as Lore skills, though these categories are always less broad than any of the other skills that allow you to Recall Knowledge, and they should never be able to take the place of another skill's Recall Knowledge action. For instance, you couldn't choose Magic Lore to recall the breadth of knowledge about magic covered by Arcana, Nature, Occultism, and Religion, or choose Adventuring Lore to give you all the information an adventurer needs, or choose Planar Lore to gain all the information spread across various skills and subcategories such as Heaven Lore.
So IMO the usage of Anatomy Lore being broader than the normal RK skills is a invalid use of this lore skill. Yet we still need to consider that this broadness is still limited to creatures not including other topics.
Also I would limit it based in its contexts. Anatomy Lore is a lore provided by Secular Medic background, a background clearly focused in medicine. So I would restrict it to living creatures (so not constructs or undeads where the anatomy doesn't works in a clear and natural way) with a clear anatomy only too (so as Ruzza said no proteans too).
The other point is that Anatomy Lore is an specific lore of medicine and medicine cannot be used in place of arcana, nature, religion, occultism and society RK checks. A permissive GM might allow the check to RK (even using medicine) some anatomic characteristics that may allow the player to deduce if the target have some resistance, immunity or even weakness if these are natural (non-magical or "supernatural" granted like holy weakness for example), so you can recall or deduce that a red dragon is immune to fire due its scales and leather but not that a fiend is weak to holy.
Other point of restriction is the habits, instinctive and cultural aspects of the creature. Anatomy lore is insufficient to say if a creature, specially humanoids, have some kind of training or hunting/survival tactics that focus in their reflexes, fortitude or will or also active magical effects could make the anatomy as an non-trusted way to get precise info what would affect the response making anatomy alone insufficient to describe the weakest save for example.
In the end is up to you and your GM to decide what anatomy check and ask would be valid for a creature or not using some common sense but IMO this skill is less broader than it looks at first glance.
The point about know that red/magma/brass/gold dragons or flame drakes isn't really in the scale color (but this may be one of the characteristics) but in a series of studies about anatomy about many different similar creatures that the character had studied that can allow it to identify an characteristic like immunity, resistance or weakness. But as I said this is very limited and doesn't work for every creature, a creature could have a spell active or have a "supernatural" characteristic that isn't a natural part of its anatomy and cannot be identified with just this study like a demon holy weakness that's related to their souls instead of an characteristic of their cells and tissues and cannot be recalled with anatomy lore.
As I said that's up to GM to decide based in the common sense and the information that the GM has about the creature. Yet I can see many restrictive GMs disallowing saying that anatomy isn't enought and permissive GMs allowing saying that anatomy stuties are enought to that creature. Myself I would work in this middle common sense about the knowledge that I have of such creatures bases in bestiary/monster core and say 'Yes you can use but but such knowledge won't work for every creature. It will probably work for most animals but not exactly for beasts and dragons and certainly not for intelligent creatures that have a "class" or are able to train their own capabilities. So doesn't expect to use this lore as a RK wildcard'.
And then there's Organsight...
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Honestly, as a GM I would probably say Anatomy Lore isn't a lore you can choose (because it's too unclear what that would include).
In the case of Secular Medic, I would probably work with you to find a suitable replacement. Maybe something like "Poison and Medicine Lore".
*Medicine as in things specifically consumed by a patient to provide some beneficial effect to overcome an ailment.
In any event, expecting Anatomy Lore to let you recall knowledge about all creatures to know weaknesses, resistances, etc is wayyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy to powerful and absolutely shouldn't be the expected result.
To achieve something like that you're looking at class features like the Thaumaturge's Esoteric Lore.