I like the idea of treating a Golem as a magic device to be used and would probably allow a shot at it with an appropriately high DC, but I don't think the rules actually allow this.
No. Golems, despite being created with magical item feats are not magical items. They are creatures.
Golems are self-supporting creatures, not magic devices. They have things that magic devices don't, like Hit Dice, Movement Speeds, and Ability Scores.
The only textual differentiation I can think of is the one found in Antimagic Field.
A normal creature can enter the area, as can normal missiles. Furthermore, while a magic sword does not function magically within the area, it is still a sword (and a masterwork sword at that). The spell has no effect on golems and other constructs that are imbued with magic during their creation process and are thereafter self-supporting
The fact that it calls out the difference between a sword and a golem should note the difference between Magic Items/Devices and Golems.
Constructs are not magic devices. Although the idea is interesting. Normally I only allow my players to assume control of a capture golem if they: kill it's master, have an appropriately high knowledge/craft check, and spend significant time researching it. But that's purely houserule territory.
IIRC there are spells and/or feats which allow one to attempt to wrest control of a golem from its creator. Unless I am misremembering, and it was only summoned critters.
Certainly UMD wouldn't be enough.
However, a clever DM might well integrate some mechanism for gaining control. Didn't Sam & Dean get control of a golem temporarily by obtaining the scroll with its true name? I seem to recall similar antics taking place in Ankh-Morpork.
IIRC there are spells and/or feats which allow one to attempt to wrest control of a golem from its creator. Unless I am misremembering, and it was only summoned critters.
Certainly UMD wouldn't be enough.
However, a clever DM might well integrate some mechanism for gaining control. Didn't Sam & Dean get control of a golem temporarily by obtaining the scroll with its true name? I seem to recall similar antics taking place in Ankh-Morpork.
Nope. There is a spell for trying to take over someone's construct, but it does not work on golems(specific type of construct) because golems resist any spell with SR except specific exceptions.
Actually wraithstrike, Wheldrake is correct.
Note that the spell's entire function is to do just that, and it also doesn't allow for SR so a golem's immunity would not help.
While the Control Construct spell doesn't call golems out specifically, some others like Apparent Master do. So I feel safe in saying that there do exist some magical means of taking control of another guy's golem in PF.
In literature, the notion of having, losing and taking control of a golem is an integral part of these stories. There is often some object in or near the location the golem is guarding which allows one to at least disactivate if not actually control the golem.
Such an object might even be on the golem itself, like the "shem" or magical inscription on a parchment placed into the golem's mouth to give it life and control it, in Jewish lore.
This makes me wonder in which category an ambulant Intelligent Magical Item falls.
The rules are quite unclear about how a golem knows who its master is. It could be a mystical connection, in which case it is pretty much unfoolable, or it could be just normal recognition, in which case a simple disguise check might work.
I'm on the fence myself, but I do think that if a golem is ordered to obey someone else, disguising yourself as that person would fool the golem, as I don't see any way that ordering it to obey someone would create the same sort of mystical connection that exists between a golem and its creator.
I have used the spell Control Construct and the Craft Construct Feat to permanently change the constructs program and Master. My GM liked the way I roll played it, so he allowed it.