Hm, interesting question. In most cases the non low light vision fellas rely on the magicians for that. But I can understand that you don't want to be depending on your team, I'll get back to you in a minute after I see what I can dig up.
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Most of that is up to your GM. You say, "I go to the shop and see if there is an Ioun Torch." And the GM says, "Sure, they have several in stock," or "Nope, for that kind of thing you need to go to X," or "Never heard of an Ioun Torch."
Also, gold is entirely dependent on your GM as well, so it's hard to say at what level you would be able to afford Goggles of the Elven Kind. Look at the Wealth by Level tables for a rough estimate of how much gold you could have at what level, but, again, your GM determines how much gear he/she thinks you should have.
Also, if you were standing in darkness shooting at someone standing next to a campfire, would you have any trouble? Same concept with the Sunrod. What matters is what light your target is in. If you had lowlight, normal light would be within a 60' radius of the sunrod and light increased by one step within a 120' radius of the sunrod.
As a ranger, you might not want to have a light source on yourself, as you would probably want to be sneaking around in the dark.
For what it is worth, I have found Low-light vision in Pathfinder to not be that great in actual play, and not worth deciding on a race for it. My two cents, anyway.
First off, at first level you can cast sun metal, which makes a weapon burst into flames without harming wielded, you can also cast dancing lantern, which animates a lantern so it can follow you around, and an ioun torch instead of a lantern wouldn't be a big stretch. At level 3, you get blessing of the mole, which gives the target- I.e. you dark vision and a boost to stealth.
Could also be a drow.
As was already said its not an issue often, but for when it is an issue tossing a sunrod should be fine, for tossing it 30 feet, take a look at the Wooden Stake, Dagger, Club they all have a range of 10 ft. A thrown weapon has a maximum range of five range increments. A projectile weapon can shoot up to 10 range increments. So something like a sunrod could be thrown up to 50 ft. You could toss it at a certain square within 50 ft of you, GM's I have gamed with would call that good, some GM's I have heard of would require you to make an attack roll for the sunrod to land in that square, for this you calculate each 10 ft past the first 10 ft you would take a cumulative -2 penalty, so if you wanted to toss it into a square 30 ft away you take a -4 for the range penalty, add your BAB + Dex and roll, if you miss the square then it would land in a square adjacent to the square you were trying to hit. Either way your good.
Oh and AC of the square would really be up to the GM but one square is medium so no modifier, 10 base, and -5 for 0 dex, so an AC of 5. :) Don't worry about Natural Armor because we are not trying to get through it, of course your GM could say its really windy and throw you off by however much he chooses, but more than 20 ft would be them being an ... well you know.