Set
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You get to make it up.
Your eidolon might be a servant of your god. It might be a fragment of your soul. It might be a First World (or Shadow Plane) version of yourself. It might be a manifestation of the dark side of your psyche. It might be an outsider linked to your spirit through fiendish/celestial heritage, or as a result of a strange form of possession gone awry (or working exactly as intended...).
In Golarion, it may come from the unformed seething proto-energy of the Maelstrom, given form, sentience and personality by your own subconscious.
It might be a dream made form, which is why it cannot manifest when you are sleeping.
It might be more than one of these things, or none of them.
| Azten |
Role: Summoners spend much of their time exploring the arcane arts alongside their eidolons. While their power comes from within, they rely heavily on their eidolon companions in dangerous situations. While a summoner and his eidolon function as individuals, their true power lies in what they can accomplish together.
Like Sorcerers, their magic comes from within them. Which means you get to make it up.
Set
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It's not really any more of a stumper than a Druid, who may or may not get their powers from a link to a god, from a link to the natural world, from totemist ancestor-worship, from a connection to the First World or Plane of Shadow (for Nidalese umbral druids) or from some other source.
Embrace the freedom to describe your Summoners connection to their Eidolon as you wish, and go with it.
The Drunken Dragon
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Ew...
that aside, however, I'd assume that a Summoner's powers are like a bard's. They are "innate", but they come through the study of a certain topic. Bards gain their power when they begin studying the art of magic via the medium of music. Summoners gain their magic by delving into the difference between the planes, or some-such.
I do however like the backstory for one summoner mentioned in the Rival Guide, in which, being a lonely noble brat, she basically made imaginary friends for herself, one of which at one point came alive and devoured a servant, thereby becoming her eidolon. i like the idea that summoners have the innate gift to somehow "create" or shape or call an eidolon, and thereafter can begin to master the ability to extrapolate what they did initially and apply it to other creatures.