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None, really; Martials kill things well, lots of hp damage.
The issue is as levels get higher, hp damage becomes a less and less efficient way of killing things. See, hp damage is a subset of "stop the opponent", which can often be one-shorted out; or sometimes opponents can be made much less relevant without so much as a save. This is especially true if you are melee without pounce.
So as you get higher "swing the sword" (or the far more effective higher "shoot the bow") as your only option becomes less available. Mage options keep growing and become more fantastical.
The summoner (and especially synthesist) are the biggest slaps in the face to Martials. At any level past 3, they can be designed to outdo the Martials, before buffs, and then get a powerful caster as well.
Until fighting types get access to more options, they'll always be in the high-level shadows of magic types. Luckily most play occurs pre-level 10, where melees do as good as and potentially better job than magic-types.
Even AM Barbarian needs a Synthasist as a mount to stand a high-level chance. And let's be honest, AM Synthasist riding another Synthasist would be even more powerful :).
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It's difficult to give options without making it, well, magic. More mobility would help; I think the 3.5 holdover of single-attack standard actions probably needs to go. Maybe attacks that can force saves or gain nasty effects; Dirty fighting does this somewhat, but more. Or an inquisitor-like ability to switch out 1 or 2 feats on the fly for more options (I need to remember blindfighting so I can attack Mage without relying on a different mage).
The bottom line is not a lot can be done without changing dynamics. The best approach is to stick with PFS-style gameplay and eliminate the highest levels; EL-6, EL-7 and EL-8 are "sweet spot" styles of play that lock the game down at its most balanced, most fun point.
Meanwhile I just prefer to play melees with more options (archer clerics, Summoners, maguses). I love fighting instead of "cast and force saves". My one dedicated melee even splashed into Inquisitor so he can swift-action enlarge and Whirlwind trip a 30-foot radius; something he could never do as a straight fighting type.
And maybe it's for the best; do you really want doing the same basic attack each round to EVEr be the right answer, as it is for most melees/archers? Kinda boring gameplay IMHO.
I've done the following and with a 17th level party I'm having no balance issues (ranger, paladin, sorceror, cleric in the party).
-The entire vital strike tree is available to everyone for free (monsters as well as PCs). You simply qualify for it when your BAB is high enough.
-TWF's may as a standard action do a dual vital strike in which they make attacks with both weapons, but apply additional damage dice to only one weapon (but either weapon if it hits).
-Disallow Metamagic Rods. Replace them with specific magic items which can be applied to a specific spell (or group of spells). For example, bracers of lightning which allow you to automatically empower or quicken a certain number of lightning spells per day (probably created by a cleric of the god of weather or storms or some such). The important thing here is to disallow the complete freebies of applying quicken to whatever you want at no cost.
Your mileage may vary, but it's worked well for me and my group.
In my mind, it would take martials becoming what is basically a half-outsider/half-divine/half-human type being to cope. They are so physically advanced that their physiology itself becomes resistant to magical effects and let's them do things that are almost god like (think the first hulk movie where the long-jump takes you about a mile each time).
Currently, a smart mouth level 15 wizard can talk smack to a 20th level barbarian and just use overland flight to get away and basically be impervious. But, if the barb had utterly ridiculousness in their very muscles he could be like 'get back here, b!%~*' and just jump up and snatch the dude from the air. Things like that would even the playing field a bit between martials and casters.
I also think you should be auto-granted certain abilities based on a certain BAB without requiring you to spend feats. For example, for a martial grant a cleave-like ability just because you have a BAB of +12, or treat a weapon as magical for bypassing DR at BAB +16and bypass all DR with a BAB of +18 regardless of weapon, or treat any weapon you wield as if it had the keen condition but don't let the keen effects stack if they weapon actually has keen with a BAB of +20. Those are just some off the cuff thoughts.
Also, yes, let martials do more than a single attack as a standard action. Perhaps don't let them take all their attacks but more than 1. That's just cheap. Just give them extra ability. Keep them grounded to the material plane, sure, but let them sort of 'bend the rules' ala The Matrix minus flying, which was always a tad cheesy to me.
Casters can basically outshine martials at everything. But I'm ok with them being better overall, as long as martials actually had some areas they were best at. But they don't.
I've been toying with the idea of ripping away the all day / long duration buff spells from casters and giving them to martials as battle auras, luck, stances, etc... If they're supposed to be the ones that are good at fighting all day why do the CASTERS get crap like wildshaping, overland flight, mind blank (well...the 3E version), healing, etc...? Give all that stuff to the non-casters as Su abilities so for once in d20 they actually ARE the kings of "fighting all day."
But...people don't want super saiyan warriors, so we'll never see that.
Alot of the so-called disparity exists on the boards and not in actual play.
In actual play monsters actually have to make those saves. Wizards (or whoever) actually have to have that special spell prepared and it has to work or they've basically twiddles their fingers and spouted gibberish as their action that round.
The melee guy always has his sword, and he's alwayas able to swing it. He swings it now, he swings it next round, he never has to worry about not having his sword (except for some gimmick cases, of course).
I've never really had a big issue with caster/melee disparity. Both sides hold their own in actual, in-game situations where you aren't able to just say "well I use X verses that and Y verses that and I'm a wizard so you can't tell me I can't" like they can here on the boards.
You asked for advice so, here it is:
Keep the number of encuonters per day as something the PC's can't predict. Change it up. Keep changing it up.
Never use the BBEG as the first encounter after they've had a chance to rest up. Never. (or if you must, beef him up when you design him to take into account that they are all going to go nova, no holds barred to nail him to the wall)
Make the monsters be as intelligent as they are supposed to be.
Even wolves, int 2, use tactics in combat. Anything smarter than that, can use tactics too.
Use multiple critters. One sole critter is going to get roflestomped due to the economy of actions, as well as to failing saves. Multiple baddies force the casters to use their one-shot spells on some critters leaving the others free to roam.
And lastly:
Make sure your casters and melee are all optimizing to the same level.
Whether this means taking multiple Skill Focus to shore up weaknesses or min/maxing to the extreme to squeak every bit of power out- get everyone on the same page. That alone can create a disparity where there otherwise wouldn't be one.
-S
One problem is that a lot of the monsters and enemies from the book use poor or even bad feat and spell selection. I gave a group of koblods a few levels in warrior, some ok gear, made most of their feats teamwork feats and used basic tatics and almost killed the party. I was not trying to kill the party just give them a good fight.
I find that building monsters better hurts the casters more so than melee, but that could just be my players.