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I searched the boards and the Pathfinder wiki but did not see a complete list of languages anywhere. So, I created one for my campaign's wikidot page and thought I would share the work I put into it.
Right now, it contains all the information I could find in the Core rulebook and Bestiary 1.
Hopefully someone else will find this useful. I think it's great to look over when choosing starting languages or a language after taking a rank in Linguistics. And of course, it's helpful for GMs as well.
This does not include any regional, Golarion languages.
Please forgive the formatting - I had to edit it from the wikidot style.
----- Language ----- Speakers per Core Rulebook ----- Full list -----
----- Abyssal ----- demons and other CE outsiders ----- (Bebilith), Demon1, Devourer, Lamia, Naga-Spirit, Night Hag, Nightmare, (Retriever), Tiefling, (Yeth Hound)8-----
----- Aklo ----- derros, inhuman and otherworldly monsters, evil fey ----- Aboleth, Derro, Gibbering Mouther, Green Hag, Linnorm, Neothelid, Phase Spider, Roper, Shoggoth, (Tarrasque), Will-O'-Wisp, Yeti-----
----- Aquan ----- aquatic and water-based creatures ----- Aboleth, Dragon Turtle, Elemental-Water, Genie5, Kraken, Mephit7, Merfolk, Sahuagin -----
----- Auran ----- flying creatures, air-based creatures ----- Elemental-Air, Genie5, Mephit7, Phoenix -----
----- Celestial ----- angels and other good outsiders ----- Aasimar, Angel, Archon, Azata, Couatl, Demon1, Devil2, Devourer, Invisible Stalker, Naga-Guardian, Night Hag, Phoenix-----
----- Common ----- humans and core races ----- Aasimar, Barghest, Behir, Bugbear, Centaur, Chuul, Couatl, Cyclops, Demon1, Devil2, Devourer, Doppelganger, Drargon Turtle, Drider, Dryad, Duergar, Ettercap, Gargoyle, Genie5, Ghoul, Giant6, Green Hag, (Griffon), Harpy, Hobgoblin, (Homunculus), Invisible Stalker, Kraken, Kyton, Lamia, Manticore, Medusa, Mephit7, Merfolk, Mimic, Mummy, Naga-all, Night Hag, Nymph, Oni, Orc, Otyugh, (Pegasus), Phoenix, Pixie, Rakshasa, Sahuagin, Salamander, Satyr, Sea Hag, (Shambling Mound), Spectre, Sphinx, Tengu, Tiefling, Treant, Unicorn, Wight, Will-O'-Wisp, Worg, Worg-Winter Wolf, Wraith, Xill, Xorn-----
----- Draconic ----- dragons, reptilian humanoids ----- Aasimar, Angel, Archon, Azata, Chimera, Couatl, Demon1, Devil2, Dragon3, Dragon Turtle, Kobold, Linnorm, Lizardfolk, Pseudodragon, Sphinx, Troglodyte, Wyvern-----
----- Druidic ----- druids only -----
----- Dwarven ----- dwarves ----- Duergar -----
----- Elven ----- elves, half-elves ----- Centaur, Drider, Drow, Drow Noble, Dryad -----
----- Giant ----- cyclopses, ettins, giants, ogres, trolls ----- Cyclops, Ettin4, Giant6, Green Hag, Minotaur, Ogre, Oni, (Remorhaz), Sea Hag, Troll, Worg-Winter Wolf -----
----- Gnome ----- gnomes ----- Svirfneblin -----
----- Goblin ----- bugbears, goblins, hobgoblins ----- Barghest, Bugbear, Ettin4, Goblin, Hobgoblin, Tengu, Worg -----
----- Gnoll ----- gnolls ----- Gnoll -----
----- Halfling ----- halflings ----- Tengu -----
----- Ignan ----- fire-based creatures ----- Elemental-Fire, Genie5, Mephit7, Phoenix, Salamander -----
----- Infernal ----- devils and other LE outsiders ----- Angel, Archon, Azata, Barghest, Devil2, Devourer, (Hell Hound), Kyton, Naga-Dark, Night Hag, Nightmare, Rakshasa, Tiefling, Vargouille, Wraith, Xill, (Yeth Hound)8-----
----- Orc ----- orcs, half-orcs ----- Ettin4, Orc -----
----- Sylvan ----- centaurs, fey creatures, plants, unicorns ----- Centaur, Dryad, Linnorm, Nymph, Pixie, Satyr, (Shambling Mound), Treant, Unicorn -----
----- Terran ----- earth-based creatures ----- Elemental-Earth, Gargoyle, Genie5, Mephit7, Neothelid, Xorn -----
----- Undercommon ----- drow, duergar, morlocks, svirfneblin ----- Aboleth, Choker, Chuul, Cloaker, Dark Stalker, Derro, Drider, Drow, Drow Noble, Duergar, (Intellect Devourer), Mite, Morlock, Neothelid, Rakshasa, Roper, Skum, Svirfneblin, (Vegepygmy)-----
----- Languages not listed in Core Rules ----- Full list -----
----- Aboleth ----- Aboleth, Skum -----
----- Boggard ----- Boggard -----
----- Cyclops ----- Cyclops -----
----- Dark Folk ----- Dark Creeper, Dark Stalker -----
----- Sphinx ----- Sphinx -----
----- Tengu ----- Tengu -----
----- Treant ----- Treant -----
----- Vegepygmy ----- (Vegepygmy) -----
Monsters in parentheses understand but do not speak the language.
Footnotes
1) All demons speak Abyssal, Celestial and Draconic with the following exceptions:
- Dretches: (Abyssal)
- Quasits and Shadows: Abyssal and Common
- Succubi: Abyssal, Celestial, Draconic and Common
- Vrocks: Abyssal, Celestial and Common
2) All devils speak Celestial, Common, Draconic and Infernal with the following exceptions:
- Imps: Common and Infernal
- Lemure: none
3) All dragons speak Draconic, and additional languages based on color and age. The above table only includes dragons under Draconic though most age/color combinations add several more languages (most often Common, Giant, Elven). There are very few languages not spoken by some age/color combination.
4) Ettins speak a pidgin of Giant, Goblin and Orc. See Ettin description for more details.
5) All genies speak Aquan, Auran, Common, Ignan and Terran except Janni, which speak Common, one elemental language (Aquan, Auran, Ignan, Terran), and one planar language (Abyssal, Celestial, Infernal).
6) All giants speak Common and Giant except:
- Hill Giant: Giant only
- Storm Giant: Auran, Common, Draconic, Giant
7) Mephits speak one appropriate elemental language in addition to Common.
8) Yeth Hounds understand either Abyssal or Infernal.
Some templates are not shown (Ghost, Half-Celestial, Half-Dragon, Half-Fiend, Lich, Lycanthrope, Skeleton, Skeletal Champion, Vampire, Zombie).