What is an enemy?


Pathfinder First Edition General Discussion

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Siltyn wrote:
Off topic some, but aren't mummies (and most undead via their undead traits), immune from being intimidated/demoralized?

Undead are immune to mind-affecting effects, like morale effects, but Blistering Invective is not listed as a morale effect, or any other mind-affecting effect. It is tagged as fire and language dependent. Intimidate/Demoralize is likewise not listed as a mind-affecting effect. If the caster and the Mummy share a language, it is affected.

There are several threads about this topic in the Rules forum, like this one and this other one.


Velkyn wrote:
Siltyn wrote:
Off topic some, but aren't mummies (and most undead via their undead traits), immune from being intimidated/demoralized?

Undead are immune to mind-affecting effects, like morale effects, but Blistering Invective is not listed as a morale effect, or any other mind-affecting effect. It is tagged as fire and language dependent. Intimidate/Demoralize is likewise not listed as a mind-affecting effect. If the caster and the Mummy share a language, it is affected.

There are several threads about this topic in the Rules forum, like this one and this other one.

Those with Undead Traits have "Immunity to all mind-affecting effects (charms, compulsions, morale effects, patterns, and phantasms)." As such, how could you demoralize something immune to morale effects?


Siltyn wrote:
Those with Undead Traits have "Immunity to all mind-affecting effects (charms, compulsions, morale effects, patterns, and phantasms)." As such, how could you demoralize something immune to morale effects?

Mind-affecting is a keyword, or descriptor, in Pathfinder. Things that are mind-affecting should be marked as such; many spells and effects are marked that way. You are free to infer whatever markings you choose on abilities and powers, but that is a house rule. I do not disagree with your logic, but not all rules are predicated on logic. Game balance is also a factor.

Other threads already exist to debate this topic.


For that matter, Velkyn, "morale effects" are not a defined thing in the system, are they?

Morale bonus exists, but that's clearly not what they are referring to in that list. Compare it to all of the other items.

I'd say that being immune to "morale effects" is quite clearly the rule as intended. I would not go so far as to call it a house rule. It is rather ambiguous in its wording, but a GM would be well within their rights to call intimidate's "demoralize" application a "morale effect".


Evil Lincoln wrote:
I'd say that being immune to "morale effects" is quite clearly the rule as intended.

Could be, but the original d20 designers felt it was not clear and wrote the following rules:

d20SRD, Intimidate wrote:
A character immune to fear can’t be intimidated, nor can nonintelligent creatures.

d20SRD, Special Abilities, Fear wrote:
All fear attacks are mind-affecting fear effects. A failed roll usually means that the character is shaken, frightened, or panicked.

If you look at the PRD, the surrounding sentences in these sections are identical, but those specific sentences were deleted. Sentences that classify fear "attacks" as mind-affecting and note that creatures immune to fear are immune to intimidate. There is little question in d20 that Undead are immune to intimidate. The Pathfinder designers deleted these sentences. Accident? Intent? I don't know.

Edit: The first sentence quoted from the Fear section was moved under the sub-heading "Fear Cone (Sp) and Ray (Su)" in the PRD, not deleted.

It is great that you are certain of the designer's intent. I am not so certain. If that was their intent, it'd have been clearer to retain those sentences and replace "morale effects" with "fear effects" since, as you noted, there is no such thing as a morale "effect." Changing one word (morale -> fear) would've resolved any ambiguity -- instead, sentences were deleted and words that require interpretation were retained.


Velkyn wrote:


Mind-affecting is a keyword, or descriptor, in Pathfinder. Things that are mind-affecting should be marked as such; many spells and effects are marked that way. You are free to infer whatever markings you choose on abilities and powers, but that is a house rule. I do not disagree with your logic, but not all rules are predicated on logic. Game balance is also a factor.

The bestiary states that "All fear attacks are mind-affecting fear effects."

Intimidate, used to demoralize, causes the Shaken condition, which is a lesser form of fear.

It would seem to me that Intimidate/demoralize is indeed a mind-affecting effect that Undead are immune to.


Siltyn wrote:
The bestiary states that "All fear attacks are mind-affecting fear effects."

Ah, I see it now -- it is under the sub-heading "Fear Cone (Sp) and Ray (Su)."

Our group will have to discuss this and possibly reverse our current position on the matter. There's a good chance we will continue with our house rule, since this reduces the efficacy of some characters in the party in a manner that reduces (IMO) game enjoyment.

This particular rule has no bearing on whether the mimic (or other undetected creatures) would be affected, however.

Verdant Wheel

A halfling ninja is hidden inside the king throne room. No one knows he is in there.
Then a dragon breaks the ceiling breath fire on the guards, eats the king and start roaring around the room.
There is really no chance of the halfling become a bit shaken about the situation ? Even if he don't run away imediatelly, or be affected by the dragon aura of fear, he might make some mistakes because the great risk involved that he is totally unprepared.


Velkyn wrote:


This particular rule has no bearing on whether the mimic (or other undetected creatures) would be affected, however.

True, didn't mean to derail the thread.

Intimidate/demoralize states: "You can only threaten an opponent this way if it is within 30 feet and can clearly see and hear you."

Blistering Invective states: "When you cast this spell, make an Intimidate check to demoralize each enemy within 30 feet of you."

No where I see does it state you must see something to intimidate/demoralize it.

As I think was mentioned earlier, it would be almost like casting a fireball and thinking it wouldn't harm something simply because you don't see it.


Siltyn wrote:

Intimidate/demoralize states: "You can only threaten an opponent this way if it is within 30 feet and can clearly see and hear you."

No where I see does it state you must see something to intimidate/demoralize it.

So RANDOM BARBARIAN is wandering about town and decides to use Demoralize (Intimidate). What's the DC? Does he roll for every creature that can see/hear him? If so, what's the point of Dazzling Display?


The DC is listed right in the rule: 10 + the target’s Hit Dice + the target’s Wisdom modifier. Doesn't matter if he's wandering around town or about to charge into the lair of a ogre. Though he can only do this 1 townsfolk at a time.

The point of Dazzling Display, is to have an area of effect demoralize. BTW, Dazzling Display's description states nothing about having to see anyone...only those within 30 feet have to be able to see you.

If said Barbarian is in a clearing surrounded by trees and bushes, and some cut-purses are hidden from the Barb's sight in the trees/bushes, but they can see him clearly...is one to think if Conan starts waving his giant two-handed sword around very adeptly (Dazzling Display)...even though he can't see them, you don't think they will be/could be intimidated?


Siltyn wrote:
If said Barbarian is in a clearing surrounded by trees and bushes, and some cut-purses are hidden from the Barb's sight in the trees/bushes, but they can see him clearly...is one to think if Conan starts waving his giant two-handed sword around very adeptly (Dazzling Display)...even though he can't see them, you don't think they will be/could be intimidated?

I fully agree Dazzling Display could be used to intimidate undetected enemies. However, I got the impression you believed Demoralize (Intimidate) could be used on undetected enemies. Am I mistaken? Must you detect an opponent in order to Demoralize them?

It seems various aspects of the rules use "enemies" both objectively and subjectively. How do we determine which is correct? I agree with your position on Blistering Invective and Dazzling Display, but many others do not. Which of Cobalt's versions of how Bane/Bless works do you agree with? How does Fool's Forbiddance work?


Velkyn wrote:
Siltyn wrote:
If said Barbarian is in a clearing surrounded by trees and bushes, and some cut-purses are hidden from the Barb's sight in the trees/bushes, but they can see him clearly...is one to think if Conan starts waving his giant two-handed sword around very adeptly (Dazzling Display)...even though he can't see them, you don't think they will be/could be intimidated?
I fully agree Dazzling Display could be used to intimidate undetected enemies. However, you appear to have implied Demoralize (Intimidate) could be used on undetected enemies. Instead of Dazzling Display, Conan uses Demoralize in this clearing. What's the DC?

Previously, what I meant was the intimidate from Blistering Invective could work against undetected enemies as that spell (at least the intimidate part) works much like Dazzling Display....and AoE intimidate.


Draco Bahamut wrote:

A halfling ninja is hidden inside the king throne room. No one knows he is in there.

Then a dragon breaks the ceiling breath fire on the guards, eats the king and start roaring around the room.
There is really no chance of the halfling become a bit shaken about the situation ? Even if he don't run away imediatelly, or be affected by the dragon aura of fear, he might make some mistakes because the great risk involved that he is totally unprepared.

I think you're referencing the Frightful Presence aura.

PRD, Universal Monster Rules, Frightful Presence wrote:
This special quality makes a creature's very presence unsettling to foes. Activating this ability is a free action that is usually part of an attack or charge. Opponents within range who witness the action may become frightened or shaken. The range is usually 30 feet, and the duration is usually 5d6 rounds. This ability affects only opponents with fewer Hit Dice or levels than the creature has. An affected opponent can resist the effects with a successful Will save (DC 10 + 1/2 frightful creature's racial HD + frightful creature's Cha modifier; the exact DC is given in the creature's descriptive text). An opponent that succeeds on the saving throw is immune to that same creature's frightful presence for 24 hours. On a failed save, the opponent is shaken, or panicked if 4 HD or fewer. Frightful presence is a mind-affecting fear effect.

The RAW is quite clear it only affects foes/opponents (SKR indicated he considers these equivalent in the rules). If foe/opponent (and enemy) is strictly a relative term from the POV of the actor and we reject the notion that actor can be existentially unaware of foes/opponents, then the Halfling is unaffected so long as the dragon is unaware of him/her.

Previously I used the word "objective," but I should have used the word "omniscient." I think three possibilities exist: (1) the rules use the word foe/opponent/enemy in an omniscient manner, or (2) the authors switch perspectives without warning/indication, or (3) creatures can identify opponents/foes in a generalized manner (e.g., every creature, detected or not, in this clearing).

Designer, RPG Superstar Judge

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This language ambiguity is annoying and stems from writers not having a standardized way of writing rules text, so some say "enemies," some say "foes," some say "creatures," and some say "enemies." Which can be confusing if you interpret those in the most literal way. Examples:

Mirror image: This spell creates a number of illusory doubles of you that inhabit your square. These doubles make it difficult for enemies to precisely locate and attack you. So does that mean allies can precisely locate you and don't have to roll vs. images if they want to hit you with a beneficial touch spell, such as cure light wounds?

Produce flame: In addition to providing illumination, the flames can be hurled or used to touch enemies. You can strike an opponent with a melee touch attack, dealing fire damage equal to 1d6 + 1 point per caster level (maximum +5). Does that mean I can't touch allies with the flames, like if I had an ally who is healed by fire?

Scorching ray: You blast your enemies with a searing beam of fire. Does that mean I can't use it to burn an object, like a pool of oil or a bale of hay?

These spells really need to say target instead of enemy, as do most spells. "Enemy" is in the eye of the beholder, and almost always means "someone I want to hurt with my abilities and don't want them to hurt me," which means "a concealed assassin I don't know is there should count as an enemy," and usually means "bystanders who happen to be in the area."

Area effects (effects that say Area, or refer to a cone, line, cloud, burst, or spread) usually affect all creatures and objects in the area, unless they explicitly say you can exclude certain targets or that some things are unaffected (like holy smite, which has no effect on good creatures). Targeted effects require you to select a certain number of targets to affect, and regardless of sloppy language (creature/enemy/ally/opponent/foe) should affect the creatures you target.


Yar!

Honestly, the very first thing I thought of where this could easily come up is with the spell Prayer.

Prayer wrote:
You bring special favor upon yourself and your allies while bringing disfavor to your enemies. You and each of your allies gain a +1 luck bonus on attack rolls, weapon damage rolls, saves, and skill checks, while each of your foes takes a –1 penalty on such rolls.

What if your party is escorting a group of refugees and get ambushed in the woods. You cast prayer to hit the ambushes, your allies, and the refugees (they deserve protection and the ability to fight back as well if things get bad). One of your allies is a doppelgänger. One of the refugees is a planted spy or assassin. Neither have revealed themselves yet, and even fight against the ambushers along side you... they may or may not turn around to attack you at some point in the fight. There is also a fey creature hiding in a nearby hollow log who hasn't decided if you are friend or foe yet (and you have no idea is even there), but is still in the area of effect and may emerge mid-fight to join one side or the other? What does Prayer do with regards to them? Does it switch from the boon to the penalty when (if) they switch, does it (the spell) know ahead of time if they will turn on you at some point during it's duration or not and base its effects on that?

In my opinion (and it really is just my opinion), of all the corner cases where the "enemy" terminology becomes an issue, the corner cases caused by Prayer are (again, in my opinion) likely the most common of them.

~P


Sean K Reynolds wrote:
Area effects (effects that say Area, or refer to a cone, line, cloud, burst, or spread) usually affect all creatures and objects in the area, unless they explicitly say you can exclude certain targets or that some things are unaffected (like holy smite, which has no effect on good creatures). Targeted effects require you to select a certain number of targets to affect, and regardless of sloppy language (creature/enemy/ally/opponent/foe) should affect the creatures you target.

Most of the spells that are ambiguous to me are the Area spells that use words like "enemies," "foes," or "opponents." These spells appear to require a caster to select individuals, but earlier you seem to imply that Area spells should affect both hidden assassins and innocent bystanders. If I understand your position, it sounds like casters get to do an inverse selection with these spells -- meaning they identify their "not-enemies" (or "not-allies") and the spell then affects everyone else. Is this accurate?

Meaning Bless, Bane, Fool's Forbiddance, Blistering Invective, and Prayer, just to name a few, can indeed affect creatures you, the caster, are unaware of?

Or is it just too nuanced/spell-specific to make a blanket call like this? I'm beginning to think spells need to considered individually, as what's right for Bane might not be right for Fool's Forbiddance.

And thanks for your responses, Sean! It's always nice to hear the perspective of someone who writes rules when pondering these questions.

Designer, RPG Superstar Judge

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If a spell's description says Area, it means it affects an Area, no matter who's in that area. Frex:
Fireball: Area 20-ft.-radius spread
Fireball affects everyone and everything in the described area, even if your allies are in it.

If a spell's description says Target, it means the caster is choosing targets. Frex:
Haste: Targets one creature/level, no two of which can be more than 30 ft. apart
Slow: Targets one creature/level, no two of which can be more than 30 ft. apart
Haste and slow affect the targets the caster chooses—no more, no less.

And sometimes it does something weird, that seems to combine the two. Frex:
Prayer: Area all allies and foes within a 40-ft.-radius burst centered on you
Prayer affects an area, but it has one effect for anyone you consider your ally, and a different effect for those you consider your foes. In most cases, you'd probably default to "for the purpose of this casting, an ally is someone who is my actual ally PLUS all of the innocent bystanders, because I don't want them to take the penalty for being enemies, just in case my actual enemies are trying to attack them." But you could just as easily decide it is "for the purpose of this casting, only my actual allies are allies, and treat everyone else is an enemy, because villagers annoy me and they're in my way." Which the villagers will probably remember (and seeing as there's no save vs. the spell and they'll feel the hostile magic affecting them, they'll probably think you're a jerk).

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