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For every 2 points of damage you take to a single ability, apply a –1 penalty to skills and statistics listed with the relevant ability. If the amount of ability damage you have taken equals or exceeds your ability score, you immediately fall unconscious until the damage is less than your ability score. The only exception to this is your Constitution score. If the damage to your Constitution is equal to or greater than your Constitution score, you die. Unless otherwise noted, damage to your ability scores is healed at the rate of 1 per day to each ability score that has been damaged. Ability damage can be healed through the use of spells, such as lesser restoration.
Dexterity damage don't reduce your characteristic. Only drain do that.
If your dexterity damage is equal to your dexterity you fall unconscious, so you can't cast spells.

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I suppose you are thinking of this, under the description of the dexterity characteristic:
A character with a Dexterity score of 0 is incapable of moving and is effectively immobile (but not unconscious).
but that applies to a character with a starting characteristic of 0 in dexterity, like a unawakened tree, not to dexterity (or any characteristic) damage.
In this case, the rules about characteristic damage are the specific rule that override the generic rule about having a dexterity of 0.

BillyGoat |
This is a case of reading the d20pfsrd, and perhaps applying 3.5 rules.
Ability Score Damage does not get subtracted from your ability score. Look at page 555 of the Core Rulebook. You simply take a -1 penalty to the appropriate checks for every 2 points of damage. If the sum of the damage is equal to your ability score, you fall unconscious (except Constitution).
On the other hand, there is Ability Drain, which is subtracted from your ability score. If you are drained to a Dex of 0, then the normal paralytic features of a 0 Dex apply.