So, according to the table on page 406 of the Core Rules (I'm a little surprised it isn't on d20pfsrd.com yet, it doesn't appear to be closed content), these races are "close in power" to the core races:
• Aasimar
• Goblin
• Hobgoblin
• Kobold
• Merfolk
• Mite
• Orc
• Tengu
• Tiefling
While the following should have the other characters start at 2nd level:
• Boggard
• Bugbear
• Dark Creeper
• Drow
• Duergar
• Gnoll
• Lizardfolk
• Morlock
• Svirfneblin
This would seem to indicate that the top list is as powerful as the standard races, while the bottom is twice as powerful, but of course this is a rough estimate - the Council of Thieves Player Guide, for example, puts the Tiefling as a little more powerful, and even has a trait to bring them in line.
So what I'm looking for is a... call it a power coefficient. I'm not looking to find a way to balance them, rather I want to determine about how much more powerful they are. Is a tiefling half a level ahead? Then it gets a 1.5 power coefficient. (All core races get a 1, as a benchmark.)
I'm not including the headache of racial hit dice, but basically I'm developing a custom race mechanic, for GM use, based on existing traits. I'll post it in the homebrew rules when done, but the closer these coefficients are to the actual, the more accurate it will be. Essentially, each racial trait will cost a certain number of points, and you mix and match at will to get the racial theme you want.
So, any help would be appreciated. I need power coefficients on the following:
• Aasimar
• Drow
• Drow Noble
• Duergar
• Goblin
• Hobgoblin
• Kobold
• Merfolk
• Orc
• Svirfneblin
• Tengu
• Tiefling
If you want to determine the racial traits of critters with hit dice, after taking away all the hit dice, please feel free - I'll use the data, though I don't want to do the number crunching myself. (I'll still need a power coefficient for the deleveled race based solely on traits. If you want a trait not found in one of the mentioned or core races, you'll need to do this.)
I'm currently pegging the aasimar and tielfing at 1.25 and the drow at 1.75, the hobgoblin at 1, the goblin and kobold at .75, and the orc at 1.25. Haven't considered any of the others yet.
This looks interesting.
D20PFSRD does have those races as available to be PC classes. They are not core classes nor 3rd party so they do take a bit of time to find.
Example: Hobgoblin
http://www.d20pfsrd.com/bestiary/monster-lists-and-details/-h/hobgoblin
Hobgoblin Characters
Hobgoblins are defined by their class levels—they do not possess racial Hit Dice. All hobgoblins have the following racial traits.
+2 Dexterity, +2 Constitution: Hobgoblins are fast and hearty.
Darkvision: Hobgoblins can see in the dark up to 60 feet.
Sneaky: Hobgoblins gain a +4 racial bonus on Stealth checks.
Languages: All hobgoblins begin play speaking Common and Goblin. Hobgoblins with high Intelligence scores can choose any of the following bonus languages: Draconic, Dwarven, Infernal, Giant, Orc.
Just remember that after a time those monster levels need to blend into the PC class as they become underpowered respective to the PC class levels.