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I think that we don't have such detailed info about weather of Golarion regions along the year.
But Golarion is based on earth in terms of size, regions and probably weather too. Using this, we have a community world map with made by Atlas of Ice and Fire with tropics and equator lines.
The inner sea south regions become in the subtropics with climate probably pretty similar to the costal earth Mediterranean climate. Costal regions of Cheliax, Andoran, Taldor, the entire Absalom Island and Kelesh have similar weather to costal countries like Spain, Italy, Greek, and almost entire Middle East.
Almost the rest of Avistan region have a temperate climate up to Varisia, Belkzen, Ustalav and River Kingdoms. The north reigns like Lands of the Linnorm Kings, Realm of the Mammoth Lords, Mendev, Numeria and Brevoy still are temperate, but they are closer to Crown of the World so they have large winters and usually cold summers. While Irrisen and Sarkosin are magically affected regions and their climate is different.
The north of Garund have a climate similar to North Africa, mostly being a big desert with a high temperature variation along the day and night but almost no rains.
Altitude follows the same rules of earth too, with temperatures decreasing about 10 °C per kilometer higher or 3 °F per thousand feet.
But once again remember that Golarion is a magical world, and it's not uncommon many minor and even some big regions (like Irrisen) have their climate magically impacted naturally or artificially. So the normal weather for these regions not always applies, but typically this is described in Lost Omens related book of that region or Pathfinder Lost Omens: World Guide.
Interesting to see that map, and its tropic lines. The Inner Sea is a lot higher than I thought it would be. It's still strange to me to see both Spain and Norway be in the same Temperate zone (I live smack dab in the middle between the subtropic and arctic line, so it's weird to see those extremes of hot and cold so close, and then imagine it can get even worse).
Basically, Taldor is Greece-adjacent. I've read wine is a popular drink, which would make Cheliax and Andoran also similar, climate-wise. With the Lands of the Linnorm Kings and Mammoth Lords being (close to) the frigid zone, the Worldwound/Sarkoris Scar would also be pretty cold, which I hadn't imagined.
It's funny, I had always imagined that deserts would be around the equator, since that's where it's hottest, but pretty much all of them are more around the tropics/subtropics. Whixh again pretty much lines up with Golarion's map, where Osirion and Qadira are. Almost as if they've thought about this. :^)
TL;DR: I think most of Avistan lives at a relatively comfortable 10-25 degrees Celsius most of the time, going up or down 10 degrees in summer/winter respectively, as well as around the edges of the continent.
Funniest bit about Golarion seasons is that somehow every nation apparently counts them Solstice to Equinox (citation: Travel Guide). That's certainly not true of Earth (where I am we just count them in three-month chunks, so June-July-August is Winter). And that's not even getting into the huge amount of real-world cultures that don't use the standard four seasons at all!
But yeah, Golarion is both hotter and colder than you'd think - Numeria is more like the Eurasian Steppe than the American Wild West in climate (not what you'd think at all from some of the 1e art!), and there's a reason a number of 2e Sarkoris art pieces show distinctly Inuit inspired fashion - unless the Abyss is messing with the climate, it is cold!