Dungeon Master's Guide, Core Rulebook II, page 21, 1st sentence of paragraph 2 reads, fairly clearly, "Bonuses of different types always stack." The entirety of paragraph 3 says it again, as though trying to drive home the point, beginning "Different named bonus types all stack..."
Nothing murky about that. Sounds RAW. The armor bonus from Mage Armor and the enhancement bonus from Magical Vestment earn a big plus sign betwixt.
This is further supported by Paizo's PRD as a notation supplemental to the Bonus Type and Effects table, albeit inferred, where it is written,
"* Spells and magic items should never grant dodge bonuses because dodge bonuses always stack, and it would be a simple matter to stack various low-power items or spells with small dodge bonuses and get an incredibly high Armor Class more cheaply than by achieving that AC using the armor, deflection, enhancement, and natural armor bonuses in the game."
But what I do not understand is why we have the discussion on whether Magical Vestment can be cast ON Mage Armor. There's no need to if MV can be cast on any clothing. Just do not be a total-nude ascetic. For once.
Now, all we need to remember is which bonus is applied to which type of oncoming attack...