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I'm a bit of a gun nut, especially when it come to WW1 and earlier military rifles, and I have worked up rules for circa 1770 guns (and working on cannons) and would like to get some opinions on them.
First it requires a feat to be able to wield firearms. Pistols are one handed light exotic ranged weapons and rifles are two handed exotic weapons (if a player comes from a land where firearms are common they can be considered martial weapons). Reloading a pistol in combat requires two full round actions and reloading a rifle requires three full round actions (the old standard of a soldier being able to fire three rounds in a minute). To make it a bit more useful I use two new feats, Reload on the Run: Reload actions are now standard actions, and Improved Reload on the Run: Reload actions are now move actions. I have on constructed a chart to determine damage and range for firearms, using barrel length and caliber. Caliber determines the type of dice roll (d4, d6, etc) and barrel length determines the number of dice rolled. The three calibers I use (and their damage die in parenthesis) are, .30 (d4), .50 (d6), and .74 (d8). The barrel lengths (which determine if the gun is a pistol or rifle) are 8" (small pistol), 14" (large pistol), 26" (carbine like rifle), and 34" (full sized rifle). 8" rolls 2 dice, 14" rolls 3 dice, 26" rolls 4 dice, and 34" rolls 5 dice. Range increments for a smooth bore are 10' for 8", 20' for 14", 30' for 26", and 40' for 34". Multiply the range by 3 for rifled weapons but they count as masterwork. Price wise they should start a 600 to 700 gp, just to keep them out of the hands of 1st level parties. All weapons can have a bayonet attached to make them count as melee weapons, but that incurs a -1 to attack and requires the Bayonet Proficiency Feat (a ranger could be proficient in the use of a rifle but not the bayonet). Small pistol bayonet counts as a dagger, large pistol counts as a short sword, and both rifle bayonets count as a spear. Enchanting a firearm works just like a bow, but the bayonet is a different weapon and must be enchanted separately.
I think these rules strike a good balance between real guns and fantasy roleplaying.