Each one just once. If you want to cast the same spell twice you memorize it twice. Domain spells go in the special domain slot so you can have one domain spell of each level.
What The_Lake said is mostly right, except Orisons (0 level spells). Those you pick and can cast over and over again.
I heartily recommend starting with first level characters for novices to the game though. There are so many options, even with just the core rules, it's easy to get overwhelmed.
Ditto what The_Lake said.
Think of memorizing spells like loading bullets in a gun. You load it up, then you can use it later, but it's gone. If you want to cast it twice, you have to "load" two of them to start with.
Also, don't forget bonus spell slots based on your Wisdom modifier.
What The_Lake said is mostly right, except Orisons (0 level spells). Those you pick and can cast over and over again.
I heartily recommend starting with first level characters for novices to the game though. There are so many options, even with just the core rules, it's easy to get overwhelmed.
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I was playing a fighter who started at level 1, but he died and I wanted to try something new. I created the new character at the same level as the one who died.
Is this the same for all spellcaster classes (except for the domain spells, obviously)?
It's the same for "prepared" casters, such as Wizards, Clerics, Druids, and Magus. However the "spontaneous" casters, such as Sorcerers, Oracles, Bards, Inquisitors, and Summoners don't memorize spells. They have a limited number of spells known, and they can use their spell slots on any spell they know (of the correct level, of course).
If you're new to spellcasters, I'd recommend a spontaneous caster first (and an Oracle is a spontaneous-casting versio of the Cleric).
I'd recommend plating a lower level spell caster first.
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Since you are new to spellcasting, I'd really recommend something other than a 10th level full spellcaster as your first exposure to the spellcasting rules.
Since your fighter died, I would suggest a Ranger or Paladin instead. They both are able to cast divine spells, but they have far less spells to worry about and will be easy to pick up because they are primarily martial characters with some spells to get your feet wet.
What The_Lake said is mostly right, except Orisons (0 level spells). Those you pick and can cast over and over again.
I heartily recommend starting with first level characters for novices to the game though. There are so many options, even with just the core rules, it's easy to get overwhelmed.
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I was playing a fighter who started at level 1, but he died and I wanted to try something new. I created the new character at the same level as the one who died.
Is this the same for all spellcaster classes (except for the domain spells, obviously)?
I'd recommend either a sorceror or an oracle as your first spell caster. Particularly since you are jumping in at level 10. Spontaneous spellcasters like these, have a set of spells known, and you can use as many spell slots as you have (spells per day are your spell slots) to cast any of the spells you know.
So for instance, a 10th level sorceror can cast 6 1st level spells in a day. (plus a few extra if he has a high charisma). He knows 5 1st level spells. He can cast any of those spells in any combination up to 6 times in a day (1 of each plus one a second time, 6 of the same spell, etc). Then he is out of 1st level spell slots and must rest before he can cast 1st level spells again.
A prepared spellcaster has a much wider selection of available spells. Wizards can put lots of spells into their spellbook. Clerics and druids have access to every spell in their spell list. At the start of the day (generally after resting) they prepare their spells. A 10th level cleric has 4 1st level spells per day and 1 domain spell (plus a few more for a high wisdom). So at the start of the day he picks 4 specific spells 1st level spells and 'prepares' them. He may only cast those specific spells once for each time they are prepared.
So he could prepare 2 bless spells, one divine favor, and one shield of faith. Once he casts divine favor he cannot cast it again that day. Same for sheild of faith. Bless he can cast twice that day because he prepared it twice.
In general, prepared casters have a wider variety of options, and with forewarning can have 'the right spell' for the job ready. Spontaneous casters instead try to pick universally useful spells, and can cast them as many times as needed.
I'd usually recommend spontaneous casters for new players. Its alot easy to make the spell choice once, then having to do it every game day. You can easily be overwhelmed by the options in front of you.
If you play a sorcerer, you also have the option of casting a lower level spell using a higher-level spell slot. For example, if you've run out of 1st level spells for the day but really need to cast Feather Fall, you could use a 2nd level slot to cast it. This applies to all spontaneous casters.
Wizards and other prepared casters can also prepare lower-level spells in higher-level slots, though it's usually more useful to have the higher-level spells.