A friend and I are debating whether crafting mundane items are just 1/3 price like it says or if it is 1/2 because of the 'extra' stuff you have to pay for to craft (using the forge and similar stuff). I personally believe that if it was supposed to be 1/2 in total it would have said it in one of the many re-printings of the core book or somewhere in one of the books. Can I get more information on which is right and if they did put it in one of the later books and I just haven't seen it?
THere's no need for extra books.
The book says 1/3rd. It says nothing about 'extra stuff' you have to pay for, therefore your friend is making up imaginary rules. If your friend is the GM, he's allowed to houserule it back to 1/2, but that's what it is, a house rule, not RAW.
If it's just you and another player debating, your friend is wrong and is making up rules as he goes along.
If you don't have the tools to make something, the GM can impose a 'rental fee' but that's not about upping the cost of the item, that's about you paying for access to the tools. If the fee is more than the cost of tools, go buy the tools.
A reasonable fee is usually about 1/20th of the cost of the tools per week. Or that's what I generally use.
Sounds like your friend is mixing up mundane crafting and magical item crafting.
Mundane: 1/3 of price in materials.
Magical: 1/2 of price in materials.
Chemlak is correct. There are ways of reducing price for magical items. These methods do not apply to normal crafting.
I'm not sure.
You'll probably need to have the right tools to work.
Those are listed in Ultimate Equipment.
If you want to make some blacksmithing:
Anvil
Price 5 gp; Weight 10–100 lbs.
While anvil sizes vary depending on the type of smithing for which they are used, all anvils have the same basic shape and construction. Blacksmith anvils are much heavier and larger (100 pounds) than farrier anvils (50 pounds), which in turn are much bigger than silver- or goldsmith anvils (10 pounds). Many metalworking tasks are impossible without the proper anvil.
Artisan's Tools
Type Price Weight
Common 5 gp 5 lbs.
Masterwork 55 gp 5 lbs.These special tools include the items needed to pursue any single craft. Without them, you have to use improvised tools (–2 penalty on Craft checks), if you can do the job at all.
Masterwork Artisan's Tools: These tools serve the same purpose as artisan's tools, but masterwork artisan's tools are the perfect tools for the job, so you get a +2 circumstance bonus on Craft checks made with them.
IMO, you need to purchase this kind of stuff to make your crafting, such as for magic item crafting, etc.
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Right in the description of the tools it tells you what happens: If you don't have the right tools to make something, you improvise (read "use your war mattock as an anvil and sword pommel as hammer") and get a -2 on craft checks. You can pound the "nail" (broken piece of armor?) into the end of the wooden stick you picked up, which holds the axe head, and make a hand-ax for 1/3 the price of a normal hand-ax. You might even have used your dagger (instead of a proper tool) to make the stick smooth.