
Azothath |
(I'll try)
Armor & Maximum Dex Bonus. The Max Dex bonus affects AC. just AC. The armor check though affects any Str or Dex based skill.
If your above sz:Lrg PC wears Splint mail 400gp [AC:+7 MaxDex:+0 ArmrChk:-7 ASF:40% 30ftMov:20ft 20ftMov:15ft Hrd:10 HP:90 Wt:90lbs] his AC gains (+0 Dex +7 armr -1 sz).
Your Ability score is the PC's Dex. Don't adjust it for size unless some racial adjustment, polymorphing, or ability says to as it will just make calculations more difficult. A horse Dex is 14, not 12 for AC due to size. When calculating AC it gets -1 sz for being large.

Azothath |
→ Trox race, it says +6 Strength, –2 Intelligence, –2 Wisdom, –2 Charisma... nothing about Dex.
Later Large: Trox are Large and take a –1 size penalty to their AC, take a –4 size penalty on Stealth checks, and gain a +1 size bonus on combat maneuver checks and to combat maneuver defense. Which is really just a reminder of common adjustments.
20pt buy of [14,13,14,13,12,12] yields a [20,13,14,11,10,10] Trox.
Wearing the above splint mail {not the best choice} gives him AC 16 (+0 Dex +7 armr -1 sz).
my suggestion is ask for advice in the Advice forum (like you did here) as they can give expansive advice.