If multiple fortune and misfortune effects (with different numbers of each) apply to the same roll, do they all cancel out?
Well, yes... sort of. The question has a bad assumption.
You can't have multiple Fortune or Misfortune effects on the same roll.
Supposing three fortune effects and one misfortune effect that would affect the same roll, there would not be one cancellation, thereby leaving two fortune effects to choose between? Rather, only one fortune and the one misfortune would apply in that case, so the sole fortune and sole misfortune would cancel out, resulting in a normal roll?
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Supposing three fortune effects
OK. Hold up right there.
You can never have more than one fortune effect alter a single roll. If multiple fortune effects would apply, you have to pick which to use.
The Misfortune trait has nearly identical rule wording.
So after you have chosen which one of the multiple possible Fortune and Misfortune effects you actually want to apply to the effect, then the two remaining Fortune and Misfortune effects (one of each) would cancel out.
That's why I said "would affect the same roll." They can't all affect the same roll because they are fortune effects. I just want to be sure that, in this case, there would only really be one fortune effect and one misfortune effect, and that they would thus cancel out leaving a normal roll.
I'm still looking at this with my 5e D&D mindset. In that game, it's possible to have multiple sources of advantage (2d20 drop lowest) and disadvantage (2d20 drop highest). It's just that the benefits of advantage don't stack, the detriments of disadvantage don't stack either, and having a nonzero number of both causes all of it to cancel out. It seems to me that the wording for Pathfinder 2e's fortune and misfortune is different (because unlike advantage, not all fortune/misfortune is created equal), but the consequences of having both are the same?
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Yeah, you can only apply one Fortune effect to a roll. And if it is cancelled by a Misfortune effect, that doesn't mean that they both are removed from the roll. The Fortune and Misfortune effects are still applied, but counteract each other. You still don't get to add another Fortune or Misfortune effect to the roll. It already has one.
Yeah, this isn't a scenario where you can have 2 sources of misfortune apply to a roll (or fortune). If for some reason you would have 2 sources of misfortune on a roll, you choose 1 to apply. If that same roll also has a fortune effect to apply to it it will cancel out the misfortune effect.
So even if you somehow had 4 misfortune effects on a roll, you would choose one, and then if you had 1 fortune effect it would cancel out the misfortune and you would roll normally.
As a side note, don't get too hung up on this. Advantage and disadvantage are very central in DnD 5e, but fortune and misfortune are far less so in PF2 since most stuff is handled by flat modifiers instead.
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Yeah, you can only apply one Fortune effect to a roll. And if it is cancelled by a Misfortune effect, that doesn't mean that they both are removed from the roll. The Fortune and Misfortune effects are still applied, but counteract each other. You still don't get to add another Fortune or Misfortune effect to the roll. It already has one.
You might want to find another term for this, as Counteracting is something very specific in this game, not that much relevant in this case.