Distance Thrower (Ultimate combat) reduces penalties to thrown weapons due to range by 2, effectively doubling your initial range increment.
Throwing in Far Shot afterwards effectively triples it.
Neither feat will increase your max range, and once your past the initial double (or triple) range increment you'll still be accruing penalties for each normal range increment you go past.
Example: Dagger has a normal range increment of 10 ft. With Distance thrower you can throw it 20 ft. without penalty and take a -2 for each 10 ft. you go past 20.
If you have Distance Thrower and Far Shot you can throw a dagger 30 ft. without penalty and take a -1 penalty for each 10 ft. you go past 30. In both cases your maximum range is 100 ft.
There are two factors in play with range increments:
1) You take minuses to hit for each range increment past the first.
2) The max range of a thrown weapon is 5x the range increment, even if you negate the penalty. (Projectile weapons are 10x the range increment.)
There are feats, traits, and class features that reduce the penalty (Distance Thrower and Far Shot, as GrayWolf777 mentioned). However, you have to actually change the range increment if you want to increase the maximum range.
There are some spells and magic items that change the range increment: the Longshot spell (alchemist), the Distance enhancement, the Air blessing (Warpriest)... Also, the "Hurling" series of Barbarian rage powers increase the range increment of thrown items.
A barbarian archetype repalces fast movement with 10' throwing range
And that's only the tip of the iceberg. There are lots of options for this scattered about.