There's a difference between Countering and Counterspelling.
When a spell counters another, that means it cancels it out. Neither of the spells take effect at that point.
So if you cast Hallow in an Unhallowed place, the place is no longer Unhallowed. Nor is it Hallowed. It's just normal.
Likewise if you do it vice versa.
Another example, casting Slow on a Hasted person, and vice versa.
As the Hallow spell is of Instantaneous duration, it may not be dispelled by Dispel Magic, which require a finite duration (even if sad duration is Permanent).
Mage's Disjunction should end the effect, as it seems to have no such restriction.
You asked what the difference between Countering and Counterspelling was. I explained (or thought I did).
Countering is when one particular spell can cancel out another. Hallow and Unhallow, Haste and Slow, etc.
If you cast the spell that Counters it, the original effect disappears.
This may happen at any point you choose. The round after it is cast, two rounds after it is cast, a DAY after it is cast (if the duration is that long), etc.
Counterspelling happens at the moment a spell is cast. You choose Dispel Magic (for simplicity) as a Readied action, and when your target casts a spell, any spell, your action triggers, and the spell is prevented form ever being cast in the first place.
I don't know about Hallow+Dispel.
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Counterspelling happens at the moment a spell is cast. You choose Dispel Magic (for simplicity) as a Readied action, and when your target casts a spell, any spell, your action triggers, and the spell is prevented form ever being cast in the first place.
You don't have to choose what spell to counterspell with when you ready an action to counterspell - you just have to ready an action to counterspell. When your counterspelling action triggers, you get a check to see if you identify the specific spell and then can decide whether you counter it with the exact spell, a spell that counters it (eg Slow/Haste), or Dispel Magic.
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Counter = counter spell
As Weirdo said, to counter a spell, you ready an action to counter the spell being cast. Said action is triggered when the spell is complete (so at the end of the 24 hours in this case). Countering is a standard action, regardless of the casting time of the spell being used to counter. You could start readying at any point during the casting, although it would be more likely to happen towards the end of the casting.
If you want to read the rules, look here.
Dispelling the effect is totally different - yes, you can cast Dispel Magic to remove a Hallow/Unhallow. Nothing in the spell description prevents that, unlike, say, Wall of Force.
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What is difference between dispelling and countering?
In this instance the difference between dispelling and countering is, from my understanding, this:
Counter: As stated in the rules for Combining Magic Effects:
So, when Hallow and Unhallow say they counter each other, this is what they mean. Cast Hallow on an area that has been previously Unhallowed, and you have countered the effect. (just make sure you have a way to pinpoint the exact center of the effect, or your DM might decide to get cute.)
Dispel (action):
You can't dispel (i.e counterspell) Hallow with Unhallow. This means that if Bob the anti-paladin is in the process of casting Unhallow, you can't cast Hallow to stop him. (But you can walk over a stick a knife in him to interrupt the casting)
Dispel Magic (spell):
As for casting Dispel Magic on an area that has previously been Un/Hallowed, you get bupkus since Un/hallow is instantaneous. The area has been effected, but it is not currently being effected, so there's nothing to target with Dispel Magic.
(If I got something wrong here, good people, please do correct me.)
As for using un/hallow to trigger dispel magic, as I read this you should only be able to use a targeted dispel, and it should activate for a single round when a creature that meets the criteria enters the area. It shouldn't be hitting them with a new set of dispel magic checks every round that they remain within the area. If they leave and come back, hit them with it again though.
If you wanted to try to use dispel magic to destroy or disrupt an instantaneous duration spell that had been set up to be triggered by the u/h, you might be able to convince a DM to let you do it, based on the wording of un/hallow. Personally I'd probably rule against that though.
It is a wonky spell though...plenty of wiggle room for DM fiat.
I don't see anything in the relevant rule bits that says it wouldn't.
Thematically as well, if it only worked once per person, there'd need to be some explanation of why. It's like the widgets at the store that automatically open door for you...they work no mater how many times you go in and out.
Again though, if somebody sees something I missed, let me know.