1) Yes. If the reach-weapon-wielding character doesn't have some way of striking close up, the caster or ranged-weapon-wielder can act without fear of AoO. This is one reason why Improved Unarmed Attack can be a nice feat to have for people armed with reach weapons.
2) Yes, you can use stealth in dim light because it provides concealment. Any character who perceives that area as dim light, may not see a stealthy character (depending on the opposed check results). However, whether or not an area is perceived as dim light depends on the observer. If within darkvision range, there is no dim light and thus no concealment. You may be hiding from the human but the dwarf sees you plain as day (albeit in black and white). If the elf with low-light vision perceives the area as normal light rather than dim, then he sees you plain as day as well. You need to be farther from the light source into the area he perceives as dim light for that trick to work on him.
3) I have no experience with zonegamma. I don't know of many quality distinctions in PF other than masterwork and broken.
4) I'd shy away from to much nitty gritty of torture. Sticking with an intimidation roll, maybe with circumstance bonuses to account for the severity and duration of torture, seems fine to me. Just keep in mind that torture isn't an exact science. It can take a lot of time for dubious results. Torturers have been found to get a lot of useless "information" because the target will say virtually anything to get out from under the experience. A charm person spell is probably a lot more effective in many ways because target who fails his save instantly trusts the caster and sees him as an ally.
What Bill said, but to expand on 3), there are no game rules for the different levels of quality that the generator on Zonegamma comes up with. It's pure flavour, though you might want to alter hp of items based on the results.
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All creatures with a Con score are subject to the dying rules (which basically means that constructs and undead "die" at 0 hp, but everything else can survive to -Con).
Many GMs use "dead at 0 hp" to simplify bookkeeping, unless the PCs actually want to "save" a defeated creature for some reason (usually questioning).
"Let's say a caster or ranged person steps right up to a guy with a weapon that has reach, can he 'do his thing' without provoking an AoO since without the appropriate feat you can't attack adjacent foes?"
The caster/ranged person won't provoke AOO right next to the guy with reach, but unless he can just appear right next to the guy, the person will provoke an AOO at 10 feet (or whatever distance) while he is moving up to the guy with reach. (The person with reach threatens at the distance of his reach).
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In regards to your darkvision question, the other character (the one without darkvision) can't see the square that's being pinpointed so there would have to be a bit more description of the situation. In all situations the character who can't see the target is always going to suffer the miss chance. No way to get rid of that just by description.
If the foe is within melee reach it should be possible to help pinpoint a square quickly ("He's right in front of you ya daft fool!") where further away it would become more challenging based upon the terrain.
Going down a 10 foot wide dungeon corridor, spot a zombie 45 feet ahead then it likely wouldn't be too hard to give a good description of where it is as it's really only going to be down two firing lines for someone with a bow.
If your in a cavern or outdoors its going to be much more difficult as you open up a lot of room for misinterpretation. You'd probably have to fire a series of test shots and then correct them. ("More to the left! No you idiot, my left!")
Now when it comes to nonlethal damage it's important to remember that it is tracked separately from hit point damage. If your current amount of nonlethal damage equals your current hit point total, your staggered, if it exceeds your current hit point total then your knocked unconscious. As an aside it is important to remember that nonlethal damage done in excess to a character's maximum hit points (not current hit points) can actually become lethal damage so some amount of caution should be used.