I have player in my group that has decided to go as a goblin barbarian with the titan mauler instinct and wants to use a dogslicer that has been scaled up to the large, does the dice type change accordingly?
The size of a weapon has no effect on its die size. Generally you can't wield weapons that aren't sized for you, and if something gives you the ability to wield such a weapon (like Titan Mauler) it will tell you what effect this has on the damage (in this case increasing the bonus damage from rage by 4).