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Colonel Alteration of coronel, from Middle French, modification of Old Italian colonnello column of soldiers, colonel, diminutive of colonna column, from Latin columna
First Known Use: 1567
Not English.
Wednesday Middle English, from Old English wōdnesdæg (akin to Old Norse ōthinsdagr Wednesday); akin to Old English Wōden Odin and dæg day
First Known Use: before 12th century
Yeah going to have to give you that one.
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Of course colonel is English - in the same way that beef (from the Norman French boeuf) is English. English is a composite of Anglo-Saxon and Norman French, with further additional words as time went along (Shakespeare invented more than a few words in current circulation). So it's a bit silly to try and say one word isn't English when it is in common usage just because its foreign origins aren't lost in the mists of time.