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This is something James Jacobs posted in the More Info on Deities thread with regard to your question:
She's also the goddess who judges all of the dead souls. If you die, your soul goes to Pharasma's Boneyard in the outer planes, which sits atop an impossibly tall spire that pierces the Astral Plane from the Outer Planes. Atop the spire is an immense graveyard, at the center of which is Pharasma's palace, where she sits on her throne and judges each of the dead souls that pass before her; there's an endless line of them winding out of her throne room through the surrounding graveyard. In many ways, the Boneyard is like purgatory; a place for you to come to terms with your death (or in some cases attempt to escape). When a soul is judged, it gets sent on to heaven or hell or wherever it's supposed to go. Those who worship Pharasma and do so well get to join her staff in her palace in death. Those who worship her poorly or for whatever reason mess something up (such as some, but not all heretics and blasphemers) get buried in the Boneyard itself. Which is not a pleasant fate. Agnostics and athiests do NOT get buried here, but I'm not really sure what happens to them in Golarion. They might not end up going to the Boneyard at all, but in my homebrew world the agnostic is judged by Pharasma against his own nature; if he wasn't true to his own nature he goes in the graveyard, but if he was, his spirit gets reincarnated into the Material Plane. Athiests don't go to the Boneyard at all; they just become free-roaming spirits who either transcend death into new forms of existence after wandering for a LONG time, or they get corrupted and captured and turned into larvae by demon lords and archdevils if they were jerks in life. AND: Overlooking all of Pharasma's Boneyard is another, lesser god. This is Groetus, the god of the End Times, a sentient and cruel moonlet that looks down upon the Boneyard and waits for the last living soul to die. When Pharasma judges the last soul after the last living body dies on the Material Plane, Groetus descends to the Boneyard to DO SOMETHING to it and Pharasma before he moves on to the Material Plane to "clean up" and pack the dust away for another reality. No one really knows WHAT Groetus is going to do once the last soul is judged, but it's generally accepted that it's not going to be a happy time.
Of course, Pharasma's also the goddess of birth and prophecy and fate. What I posted above is mostly just concerned with her role as the goddess of death.