Sure, except as per Detect Poison:
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You determine whether a creature, object, or area has been poisoned or is poisonous. You can determine the exact type of poison with a DC 20 Wisdom check. A character with the Craft (alchemy) skill may try a DC 20 Craft (alchemy) check
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Detect poison is the mechanism to use Alchemy to identify poisons, so by that logic, it means you need that spell to use the Alchemy to identify it.