In the sidebar on page 7 of the players' guide CoCT: "At the start of the Curse of the Crimson Throne, the date is 4708 AR (Absalom Reckoning)."
Actually, the year is 4708. We aren't given any indication of the date. The date would tell us which day of the week, day of the month, as well as the year the campaign begins. Which brings up an interesting question--why are there seven days in a week?
On earth, Luna goes through its phases about once every seven days. Are we to assume that the unnamed moon of Golarion does the same? Because then there is a small problem for lunatics, lycanthropes, and other moon worshipers: there are 364 days in a lunar year and the Golarion calendar has only 360 days.
The same sidebar mentions that the year begins "...shortly after the solstice." I'm guessing that would be the winter solstice as Abadius = January. Perhaps the years' four quarters (solstices and equinoxes) are off-calendar days? Seasonal festivals, perhaps?
And on the subject of what months equal--which god/goddess does Arodus refer to? Shouldn't the name of the month be Asmodus --> Asmodeus?
My campaign begins in the month of Pharast--"beware the ides of Pharast." Pharasma, goddess of fate and death. Yes, that is a very good and fateful time for the death of a king.