In our campaign we started giving leadership roles stipends a while ago, taking a rather simple course for a change and setting simple numbers; 500 gp/month for lower court leadership and 1000 gp/month for higher councilors.
The perhaps more interesting aspect for your thoughts on the matter is that we're not drawing these stipends from the realm's BP income, but adding it to the realm's consumption. I find consumption can be used creatively for a lot of house-ruled costs of government.
Cost of living we haven't thus far strictly taken into consideration, but we may we add an abstracted cost for a decent princely court in the future.
Liam, those are some good ideas there. I particularly like 4 and 5a.
As regards your idea 6, do keep in mind that 'leaving' might not be a viable option. Your ruler might be a greedy bastard, but he might not be worse than other bandit lords out there. And despite the heavy taxation the land might at least be relatively secure. For settlers from the Riverlands that would count as a lot and be something they'd probably be willing to pay for. Settlers from Rostland are probably younger sons with no chance of inheriting the farm, and a heavily taxed farm still is your own farm. Of course different settings for the Kingdom building rules would set different situations and reactions, but this is also something to keep in mind when considering that this doesn't take place in a vacuum.