I don't know how fair it really is to make this complaint since a stated design goal for Starfinder was to downplay direct involvement of the pantheon in how things play out, and the sole divine caster class is very specifically more of a contemplative guru sort of class than an active church representative, but looking at Starfinder's core 20 deities, none of them really strike me as being particularly concerned with what any of the others are doing. Plus there's an alarming trend towards "this is the deity this race traditionally worships" which kind of inherently drags in some implied racial alignments (and weird ones at that).
Just going down deity by deity here...
Abadar- He's doing pretty damn well for himself lately, and probably has the most direct footprint on the setting via Abadarcorp, but there's no real cause for his followers to work on advancing and no one prominent that'd take issue with his faith's current prosperity. Feels like there's a missed opportunity here fading Erastil and Gozreh into the background rather than playing up a March Of Progress vs. Green Faith conflict.
Besmara- OK Besmara was always one of my favorite minor deities and is absolutely in a prime position to stir the pot with pretty much anyone, but there'd be space pirates to do that whether she was in the mix or not.
Damoritosh- I outright dislike his existence. Being our big war god, he's kind of stealing a seat from Gorum, and doesn't seem nearly as fun. Plus honestly, he's an explicitly evil deity who's specifically cited as the chief deity of the one core race that quite recently declared a war of subjugation against the rest. Which really recolors that from the space opera trope of two big empires butting heads on principle then making up to the vesk being an unambiguously villainous faction with no real business being in the core 7 race options, particularly if you play his obvious plot card of trying to get the Silent War going again.
Desna- In a similar boat with Abadar. Spacefaring societies existing at all should have her pretty content, no real ambitions or conflicts.
The Devourer- Another one I really just don't like being in there. Destroying everything is already Rovagug's domain, and aside from having that sort of kaiju charm, the threat posed by Rovagug casts a huge shadow over both the setting for both games. Took a big team-up of other major deities to seal him away, and now the place he was sealed away in is missing. It's a bad move to recast that portfolio and role in the setting to someone who doesn't have that pantheonic team-up backstory. Plus, while evil, it seems very passive about it, and with the entropy theme feels more like it should be NE than CE, to match up with daemons.
Eloritu- Basically just Nethys. The search for the other runes bit makes for nice plot hooks, but not much is going on here otherwise.
Hylax- I do like having a super chill peaceful bug goddess, but she's too innately passive to drive any conflicts. Also it's weird to me that she's so into free will and tied to shirrens but then she's LG. CG feels like it'd make more sense.
Ibra- Even worshipers of Ibra don't seem to have a clear handle on Ibra's motives or mandates.
Iomedae- There's no world wound, no apparent lingering Chelish empire to worry about (outside the continued presence of the hellknights, but they seem to be downplaying the hell end of things), and her more traditional enemies didn't seem to make the cut. I do really like having her around as a sort of anachronistic vestige of knightly values (even if that is a weird role for the youngest deity in the book), but there's not much for her followers to go crusading against. Damoritosh's forces are allies, the Devourer's are fringe cultists.
Lao Shu Po- Kind of feels like she's picking up the slack from shelving Calistria, Norgorber, and Achaekek, which gives followers something to do, but not making a big splash keeps her in a passive/supporting role when telling stories, and again we have an evil deity as the main patron of a core 20 race.
Nyarlathotep- He seems like the most active mover and shaker in the pantheon, although Mythos stuff always strikes me as too tied to material plane power struggles to really feel like a religious conflict thing.
Oras- I appreciate there basically being a Church of Science, but again, without someone like Erastil to object to rapid change, there's no fodder for conflicts here.
Pharasma- Pharasma still hates Urgathoa. That's the one clear conflict from the old core 20 still going strong, and there's a lot to play up with it with the whole Corpse Fleet angle.
Sarenrae- It's weird for Sarenrae to be around when Rovagug isn't. She's still a generally all around great goddess for any good character to worship, and her church colonizing the sun is amusing but her church kinda feels like they have no pressing matters and can take a long vacation.
Talavet- Doesn't like Nyarlathotep, likes telling stories. No real strong plot threads coming to mind here.
Triune- The whole drift drives breaking off chunks of other planes thing would be a fantastic plot hook for a truly epic campaign with other deities feeling their domains are under direct threat or laying the groundwork for some terrifying multiphase sinister plot from Triune... but to follow through on that, drift drives would need to stop being used and that just breaks the whole setting.
Urgathoa- Again, clear conflict here with Pharasma, and she basically has her own whole planet. Eox being a pact world strikes me as a weirder thing for everyone to be cool with then Geb having a thriving fruit trade though.
Weydan- Feels fairly redundant, honestly.
Yaraesa- She's another advancing knowledge deity in a pantheon where that arguably describes about 8 others. Appropriate for the science fantasy setting to have some redundancy there, but things are pretty well covered.
Zon-Kuthon- It really feels like he should have way more of a spotlight than he does, with exploring the mystery of how he went all Hellraiser and/or Shelyn trying to fix him (or falling to a similar fate) being a general background element of the setting and/or the meat of at least one AP, but... it kind of feels like the Devourer's cult and Nyarlathotep are stealing that limelight, and he doesn't really seem like a natural antagonist for anyone else. If anything having a lot of weird new alien races to interact with makes the spooky S&M religion feel a bit quaint, and between drift travel and high tech vehicles in general the shadow plane feels like it's not going to come up much.
So... for clear conflicts here, we have:
Abadar vs. Besmara - LN vs. CN
Pharasma vs. Urgathoa - TN vs. CE
Iomedae vs. Nyarlathotep? - LG vs. CE but not really an active conflict
And everyone else is just kinda... hanging around being passively worshipped, not really interacting or plotting anything.