The range listed is it's range increment and for most weapons the maximum range of a weapon is x10 it's increment. Thrown weapons are x5. For each full range increment between you and the target you take a -2 penalty to your attack. Starfinder Core Rulebook p245
Sniper weapons work a bit different, in that they count as both sniper weapons and single shot longarms. Their range is if using them as a longarm, but if you take time to aim properly then they have the range increment as listed in their Sniper trait. Starfinder Core Rulebook p182
Hope this resolves any questions.
