We have
Take 5-Foot Step
You can move 5 feet in any round when you don’t perform any other kind of movement. Taking this 5-foot step never provokes an attack of opportunity. You can’t take more than one 5-foot step in a round, and you can’t take a 5-foot step in the same round that you move any distance.
You can take a 5-foot step before, during, or after your other actions in the round.
You can only take a 5-foot-step if your movement isn’t hampered by difficult terrain or darkness. Any creature with a speed of 5 feet or less can’t take a 5-foot step, since moving even 5 feet requires a move action for such a slow creature.
You may not take a 5-foot step using a form of movement for which you do not have a listed speed.
It's nowhere said that I have to make the 5-feet step on my turn, though the limitation of it having to be next or during another action makes it easiest to make during my turn. There's also an explicit rule that it can be used as a part of a readied action. But can it be used after an attack of opportunity? (Assuming I haven't moved in the same round yet, etc.)
I believe this is technically true though the mechanical benefit seems pretty small.
Note: You don't re-threaten an AoO for moving through a second opp's square (which is what I'm assuming you're trying to set up.) A relevant discussion and rules quote found here.
If it's to dodge a "Charge" attack, as long as you're still in range I believe the opp will still "get to you" and swing.
So again, I believe it's all legal, but you'd be hard pressed to make it terribly useful without some very specific set up (The opp charges and this puts you just out of range; you use this to dodge a trample/overrun attempt by sidestepping, etc..)
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Nope, you doing anything needs to be on your turn only unless specifically granted by another rule.
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I don't think standard actions or move actions specifically state it needs to be done in your turn also. Thankfully, they don't need to because one can only perform actions on their turn besides immediate actions and free action (speak) because those ones specifically state otherwise:
In general, speaking is a free action that you can perform even when it isn't your turn. Speaking more than a few sentences is generally beyond the limit of a free action.
However, unlike a swift action, an immediate action can be performed at any time—even if it's not your turn.
A 5-foot step is a miscellaneous action that is done on your turn. There are specific cases of 5-foot stepping outside your turn, such as with the Step Up feat, but it turns that miscellaneous action into an immediate action so that it works within the rules. Readied actions also had to specifically state one can 5-foot step and even then readying an action is a special initiative-altering action that essentially let's one delay and finish part of one's turn later, but attacks of opportunities have no such exception granting a 5-foot step.
This is also negated by attacks of opportunity not being defined as actions.
Oops! I was thinking it was a Readied Action not an AoO, in that case I agree with everyone here.
We have
It's nowhere said that I have to make the 5-feet step on my turn, though the limitation of it having to be next or during another action makes it easiest to make during my turn. There's also an explicit rule that it can be used as a part of a readied action. But can it be used after an attack of opportunity? (Assuming I haven't moved in the same round yet, etc.)Take 5-Foot Step
You can move 5 feet in any round when you don’t perform any other kind of movement. Taking this 5-foot step never provokes an attack of opportunity. You can’t take more than one 5-foot step in a round, and you can’t take a 5-foot step in the same round that you move any distance.
You can take a 5-foot step before, during, or after your other actions in the round.
You can only take a 5-foot-step if your movement isn’t hampered by difficult terrain or darkness. Any creature with a speed of 5 feet or less can’t take a 5-foot step, since moving even 5 feet requires a move action for such a slow creature.
You may not take a 5-foot step using a form of movement for which you do not have a listed speed.
I think it is pretty clear it is on your turn. "in the round" is referring to your turn, not the whole round of initiative of everyone's turns.
However, you may want to look at Combat Patrol:
Benefit: As a full-round action, you may set up a combat patrol, increasing your threatened area by 5 feet for every 5 points of your base attack bonus. Until the beginning of your next turn, you may make attacks of opportunity against any opponent in this threatened area that provokes attacks of opportunity. You may move as part of these attacks, provided your total movement before your next turn does not exceed your speed. Any movement you make provokes attacks of opportunity as normal.
/cevah