I think it just calls out different damages for different metal sources because, if you're a fighter who is presumably covered in and wielding metal, then you're gonna take full damage; however, if you're a wizard you're probably at least carrying lots of gold and silver and perhaps even wearing jewelry so you're gonna take half damage. On the other hand you may be a monk with a vow of poverty who only fights with a quarterstaff. In such a case you're probably wearing a metal button or belt buckle somewhere, so take minimum damage.