Okay I have fallen into quite a good amount of free time and am jumping right back into this. I hope you are all still with me. There are some rules for acquirring feats and the like. I am going to put the requirements to complete each task or whatever you want to call this.
First: Number of spells.
However many you can learn. Thing about sorcerer's that makes them leagues apart from any other class is their infinite ability to learn spells. Learn as many as you can to increase your arsenal. Sweet and simple.
Second: Rules for learning Sorcerer spells
Sorcerer's can ONLY use spells based in their element. If you want mage armor for example, it has to be formed from your element and with therefore shar similar properties. For example: Earth Sorcerer can make stone armor that is strong and sturdy but carries the weaknesses of stone. A fire mage could make fire armor and therefor it would burn any one that got to close. Thats how that works.
Now that was the first rule. Second rule is that you can learn a new level of magic every level up to level nine. At that time you are at your most capable. Now even if you have the capacity to learn them, doesn't mean you get them. You still need to learn.
This is how you learn a new spell.
1st: Think of a spell.
To do this you either make it up yourself and present it to me for approval or you roll what I like to call a "creativity check" This is simply an INT roll. Then I tell you what spell you thought of.
2nd: Study the spell and practice.
This part can take a nice amount of time. In order to add the spell you have invented to your arsenal, you need to pass both an INT check, and a FORT Save. INT later on can be substituted by Spellcraft once you learn it. Now you need to succeed BOTH rolls. Fail one and your efforts for the day bear no fruit. However, the DC lowers for each consecutive day you train.
Important Weather or not you learn the spell, the training is immensely draining. It is the only thing you are allowed to do in a whole day besides eating or conversing.
That is spellmaking. Hopefully that answered your questions.
Things your character can learn
Feats
In addition to the feats awarded by your class and CL. You can gain an additional feat equal to your INT modifier and how many even number levels you possess. EX: A level 6 character with a 15 INT will be allowed 5 additional feats to what he already has available.
Now it is important to note that finding the feat you want and the time to train it is the real trick. Since you wont get feats everytime you level, you need to find a trainer and have the number of days require to learn that particular feat. Now if the feat has Prereq it takes 1 day + the No. of Prerequisites it has down to it's base. Power Attack needs STR 13 and BAB +1, then to learn the feat cleave takes one additional day over that.
EX: You spend three days to Learn Power Attack, then you spend another four days to learn Cleave, then you spend another six days to learn Greater cleave.
The more prerequisites required for the feat you want, the longer it will take to learn. You'll have time here and there so don't sweat it too much.
Skills
This is a unique case cause skills are so funny. Simply put, if you already know the skill (Have a rank in it) level it as normal.
Now if you don't have any ranks in the skill, follow this pattern
Class Skill - One Day of training
Non Class skill - Two Days of Training
Trained only Class skill - Three days
Trained only Non Class Skill - Five days of training.
Again once you have a rank in the skill, you don't need to waste days training it, it goes up as normal. Also, to train a skill you have to have a skill point handy to put in it.
Class abilities and weapons proficiency, take a day. If you want an exotic Weapon proficiency you need a feat available for that but it will still only take one day to train.
Any other questions. I really went out of my way to make this complicated so please ask.